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Investigating the Application of Nanomedicines in Improving the Hydatid Cysts Treatment

Authors :

Hassan Borji¹ Soheil Sadr² Shakiba Nazemian³ Cinzia Santucciu⁴ Abbas Rahdar⁵ Sadanad Pandey⁶

1- 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2- 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 3- 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 4- WOAH and NRL for Echinococcosis, Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy 5- 3Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 6- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak‐Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea

Keywords :

Nanotechnology،, Hydatid Cyst،Nanoparticles،Nanocoatings

Abstract :

Abstract- Hydatid cyst is a serious zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and is particularly prevalent in rural areas and communities where sheep and dogs are raised together. Current treatments include surgery, used only as save-live option, and less invasive techniques, such as watch and wait or cystic liquid aspiration. All cures are used along with drug therapy, and often this is the only option, but significant limitations such as side effects, insufficient drug penetration into the cyst, and drug resistance are often observed. Hence, the current review aims to investigate the application of nanoparticles and nanocoatings in treating hydatid cysts. Moreover, the role of nanotechnology tools in enhancing the effectiveness of conventional and herbal medicines is discussed, and the advantages, challenges, and future of these methods are analyzed. In this regard, nanotechnology has been introduced as a new approach to improve the effectiveness of treatments. Nanodrugs have been widely used to treat hydatid cysts due to their properties, such as increased solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drugs, the ability to target the cyst site, and reduced side effects. Nanocapsules have been investigated for enhancing drugs such as albendazole as a standard treatment to increase the penetration of the drug into the cyst wall. Additionally, nanoformulations based on plant compounds such as curcumin and flavonoids have shown significant antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, nanotechnology has opened up new hopes for increasing efficacy and reducing the side effects of existing methods for hydatid cyst treatment.